History of Internet

When you want to study about the Internet, you have to know about the History of

Internet. But before that, we will understand what is the internet? The term internet has

been coined from two terms, i.e., interconnection and network. A network is simply a

group of computers that are connected to sharing information and resources. Several

such networks have been joined together to form what is called the Internet.

The Internet is thus a network of networks. It refers to the vast collection of interconnected

networks that use the TCP/IP protocols and that evolved from the ARPANET. The Internet

is the world's largest computer network that enables computers of all kinds kinds to share

services and commercials.

Definition

The Federation National Council (FNC) in 1995 referred to the Internet as Global Information

System that (i) is logically linked together by a globally unique address space based on

the Internet Protocol or its subsequent extensions; (ii) can support communications

using Transmission Control/Internet Protocol suite or its subsequent extensions and (iii)

provides, uses, or makes accessible, either publicly or privately, high-level services layered

on the communication and related infrastructure.

History of the Internet

The history of the Internet can be traced back to 1957, when the Soviet Union launched its

the first satellite, Sputnik I, prompting then-United States President Dwight Eisenhower to

launch the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), which took the  lead in the

technological race. DARPA's mission was to advance science and technology for military

applications.

The DARPA developed its first successful satellite in 18 months. By the end of 1960, it

began to focus on computer networking and communication technology required to

establish communication links between research centers and universities established

across the country as part of its overall mission.

ARPANET was commissioned in 1969 and by 1971 it had 15 nodes (connecting points) and

connecting point 23 hosts (two-way access to other computers has localhost number on

IP Address)

The Email was invented in 1972 by Ray Tomlinson to send messages across a distributed

network. In 1973, the first international connection to the evolving internet was

established at the University College of London and the Royal Radar Establishment

(Norway).

In the same year, DARPA implemented a research program to investigate techniques and

technologies for interlinking packet networks of various kinds based on the packet

switching to communicate across multiple, geographically dispersed locations.

The packet switching would split the data to be transmitted into tiny packets that can take

different routes to their destination. The interception of data traveling on the net in

packets would be difficult during the war. This internet project and the system of

Networks developed from the research were known as the Internet.

The system of protocols that was developed throughout this research is known as

TCP/IP Protocol Suite, after two protocols developed, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

and Internet Protocol (IP).

History of Internet Timeline

1969: On Oct. 29, The University of California, Los Angeles, UCLA's Network

Measurement Center, Stanford Research Institute (SRI), University of California-Santa

Barbara and the University of Utah install nodes. The first message was "LO," the first

initiative by student Charles Kline to "Log in" to the SRI computer from the university.

However, the message was not able to be received because the SRI system crashed.

1972: BBN's Ray Tomlinson, who was responsible for introducing network email. The

Internet Working Group (INWG) forms to address the requirement for establishing

standard protocols.

1973: The University College of London (England) and Royal Radar Establishment

(Norway) connect to ARPANET. The term internet was born after this achievement.

1974: The Telenet became first Internet Service Provider (ISP) with the introduction of a

commercial version of ARPANET.

1974: Vinton Cerf and Bob Kahn publish "A Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection."

which covers the design of TCP.

1976: Queen Elizabeth II presses the "send button" on her first email.

1979: USENET becomes the forum for hosting news and discussion groups.

1981: The National Science Foundation (NSF) established the Computer Science Network

(CSNET) to provide networking services to university computer scientists.

1982: The protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, emerged as the protocol for

ARPANET were Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP),

1983: The Domain Name System (DNS) provides the familiar.edu,.gov,.com,.mil.org,

net, and int system for naming websites.

1985: Symbolics.com, the website for Symbolics Computer Corp. in Massachusetts, USA

becomes the first to be a registered domain.

1989: The first commercial provider of dial-up access to the Internet was World.std.com.

1990: HyperText Markup Language (HTML) was developed by Tim Berners-Lee, a

scientist at CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research.

1991: The World Wide Web was introduced by CERN to the public.

1993: The Mosaic Web browser was developed by Marc Andreessen at the University of

Illinois, Champaign-Urbana.

1994: Microsoft creates a Web browser for Windows 95 named Netscape

Communications.

1994: Jerry Yang and David Filo, two electrical engineering graduate students at

Stanford University creates Yahoo.

1995: Amazon.com, Craigslist, and eBay go live.Compuserve, America Online, and Prodigy

begin to provide Internet access.

1995: The first online dating site launched as Match.com.

1998: The Google search engine was born to create a revolution. It changed the way

users engage with the Internet.

1999: AOL buys Netscape. Peer-to-peer file sharing becomes a reality as Napster arrives

on the Internet, much to the displeasure of the music industry.

2003: The debut of MySpace, Skype, and the Safari Web browser.

2003: The launch of the WordPress blog publishing platform.

2004: Mozilla unveils the Mozilla Firefox browser. Facebook goes online and the new era of

social networking begins.

2005: The social news site Reddit is also founded. YouTube.com launches.

2006: Twitter is launched

2010: Pinterest and Instagram; the social media sites are launched.

2016: A voice-activated personal assistant program named Google Assistant is unveiled.

How to connect to the Internet

You need a computer

2. A modem and telephone line

3. An Internet browser (software) and software to connect you to the ISP

4. An account with an Internet Service Provider (ISP)

Conclusion

Basically, this article is focused on the History of the Internet so lots of things related

to the Internet are omitted. The  Internet is a boon to all, especially academics and business

class. They are utilizing the Internet to achieve their respective goals.

 

Note:Image by Pete Linforth from Pixabay